Sterilization

Female sterilization and male vasectomy are permanent methods of contraception and are highly effective. They are usually chosen by relatively older couples who are sure that they have completed their families. Occasionally, individuals who have no children or who, for example, carry an inherited disorder may choose to be sterilized. The uptake of female sterilization and vasectomy in the UK is relatively high compared to many other European countries, with around 50 per cent of couples over the age of 40 years relying on one or other permanent method.

Vasectomy is easier, cheaper and slightly more effective than female sterilization. It does not require a general anaesthetic. Semen analysis has to be checked after the procedure to ensure that it has been successful.

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Technically, both female sterilization and vasectomy can be reversed, with subsequent pregnancy rates of about 25 per cent, but reversals are not funded by the NHS in many parts of the UK. Individuals should not have a sterilization procedure performed if there is a chance that one day they might want to have it reversed.

It is estimated that around 10–15 per cent of individuals in the UK subsequently regret the decision to be sterilized. Regret is more common in individuals who are aged less than 30 years at the time, have no children or in women who are within a year of delivery.

Long-acting reversible contraception is highly effective and the option to use these methods instead of a sterilization procedure should always be raised in the counselling session. They are reversible should a woman wish to keep her options open for a future pregnancy.

This involves the mechanical blockage of both Fallopian tubes to prevent sperm reaching and fertilizing the oocyte. It can also be achieved by hysterectomy or total removal of both Fallopian tubes.

Female sterilization will not alter the subsequent menstrual pattern as such, but if a woman stops the combined pill to be sterilized, she may find that her subsequent menstrual periods are heavier. Alternatively, if she has an IUD removed at the time of sterilization, she may find her subsequent menstrual periods are lighter.

Sterilization in the UK is most commonly performed by laparoscopy under general anaesthesia, which enables women to be admitted to hospital as a day case. Alternative techniques are mini-laparotomy with a small transverse suprapubic incision or, less commonly, through the posterior vaginal fornix (colpotomy). Mini-laparotomy is the technique of choice when the procedure is carried out post-natally (the uterus is enlarged and more vascular) and in developing countries where laparoscopic equipment is not available.

Essure® is a newer technique which is becoming popular. It involves insertion of metal springs into each Fallopian tube guided by the hysteroscope. Scar tissue grows round the metal springs and blocks the tubes. It can be performed under local anaesthetic or light sedation making it a cheaper and easier option than conventional laparoscopic sterilization.

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Vasectomy involves the division of the vas deferens on each side to prevent the release of sperm during ejaculation. It is technically an easier and quicker procedure than female sterilization and is usually performed under local anaesthesia. Various techniques exist to block the vas, and their effectiveness is related primarily to the skill and experience of the operator. Vasectomy differs from female sterilization in that it is not effective immediately. Sperm will still be present higher in the genital tract and azoospermia is therefore achieved more quickly if there is frequent ejaculation. Men should be advised to hand in two samples of semen at 12 and 16 weeks to see if any sperm are still present. If two consecutive samples are free of sperm, the vasectomy can be considered complete. An alternative form of contraception must be used until that time.

Safe Birth Control Methods and Myths: Essure

Essure, female sterilization, is supposedly one of the safest ways to prevent unwanted pregnancy. It has a very low failure rate, 0,26. It means that out of 384 women, only one has become pregnant when using this method. However, do consider that researchers of Yale University claim that its failure rate is much higher than that. Before you make your decision, consult with your gynecologist!

Essure is a surgical procedure, performed by a doctor. It is a permanent birth control method, it is irreversible, you only have to undergo a surgery only once in your life. Essure surgery has been available for United States citizens since 2002, when the Food and Drug Administration approved this method. Probably you want to know that Essure is affordable, it is less expensive than laparoscopic bilateral tubal ligation.

The surgery takes only ten minutes. You just go to a physician’s office and undergo the surgery, you do not have to undergo anesthesia. Do ask for some kind of analgesia though, otherwise your surgery will be extremely painful.

During the process, your physician will place tiny, thin, flexible inserts into both of your fallopian tubes, using a catheter through your vaginal canal, cervix, and uterus. The inserts will prevent unwanted pregnancy, since they contain polyethylene terephthalate fibers, they cause inflammation that leads to fibrotic reaction. The small device is held in place by a stainless steel inner coil and a nickel titanium alloy coil. It will induce tissue growth in and around the insert within three months, blocking the fallopian tubes. The forming tissue will prevent sperm from getting into the fallopian tube and reaching the egg. Naturally, for three months, you have to use some other form of birth control.

Three months after your surgery, a doctor should perform an x-ray procedure on you, hysterosalpingogram, to see whether the inserts fully blocked your fallopian tubes. The physician injects a contrast agent (a dye) through your cervix. If the doctor cannot detect any contrast agent leaking at the Essure coils, your surgery is considered safe.

According to Yale University scientists, Essure is not a very safe birth control method. It also has some risks: failure to place both inserts during the first procedure, expulsion, or perforation of your tissues.

Essure may cause serious side-effects like intense pain, bleeding, changes in your period, nausea, allergic reactions to the inserts and its materials as well as allergic response to different allergens, rashes, a weakened immune system, weight gain, mood swings, hair loss. Plenty of Essure patients, named E-sisters, speak up on social media sites about their painful history with Essure.

Consider these possible side-effects before you decide to choose Essure.